TOEFL - Soal dan Pembahasan Reading Session (3)

Ayo kita lanjutkan pembahasan dari soal untuk test TOEFL reading session (2) sebelumnya...

Doctors are engaged in a never-ending battle against infectious diseases, they suggest that the best way to keep safe would be to get vaccinated. However, it turns out that some vaccines given to babies were less than perfect. Almost half of the victims of measles were college-age or older, and nearly all had been vaccinated. For adults other defiant diseases pose even greater health risks.

Yet, too many people avoid shots or don't get boosters to supplement earlier vaccines. The main problem is that there's no working system for vaccinating adults, as there is for children and even pets. Adults should be educated about preventable infectious diseases, especially if they are traveling. There are still many countries where measles, mumps, polio, and rubella are uncontrolled.

Keeping safe from infectious diseases is a never-ending battle. There are thousands of different bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can invade body. Doctors say that you should find out if you are immune or if you need a shot.

Most adults never think about their shots u unless there is a special reason : a trip to exotic places, a flu epidemic or a brush with a rusty nail. But keeping track of immunization is very important. The need for inoculations does not end with high school.

Judul (Reading), Sinonim
1. Which of the following would make the best title for the passage?
a. The Never-ending Battle against Disease
b. vaccinations
c. Inoculation for Adults
d. Greater Health Risks

Jawaban : C
Penjelasan : Judul berasal dari gagasan utama bacaan, yang dapat ditemukan dalam paragraf pertama kemudian keseluruhan bacaan. Perkenalan bacaan tentang penyakit dan vaksin yang belum sempurna. Kemudian pengarang bercerita tentang orang seusia mahasiswa yang masih menderita cacar air meskipun mereka telah mendapatkan vaksinasi. Kalimat terakhir paragram pertama biasanya memuat kata kunci untuk mendapatkan gagasan utama. Pada kasus ini subjek kalimat adalah resiko penyakit bagi orang dewasa. Orang menjadi subjek paragraf kedua tetapi kita akan segera tahu bahwa yang direferensikan pengarang adalah orang dewasa. Kata vaksinasi ditulis dua kali pada paragraf pertama dan kata benda vaksin sekali, inoculation merupakan sinonim vaccination.
Kata kunci : college-age or older, people, vaccination.

Arti Kata-kata, Inference (Reading)
2. What are "booster" in line 7?
a. Additional shots given some time after first vaccination
b. Shots people do not avoid
c. A disease like hepatitis B
d. Vaccines given before the main vaccine

Jawaban : A
Penjelasan : Dalam teks dijelaskan bahwa booster diberikan sebagai tambahan terhadap vaksinasi awal. Jadi dengan kata lain, booster merupakan suntikan tambahan yang diberikan beberapa kali setelah vaksinasi pertama.
Kata kunci : supllement, earlier

3. For whom do we assume there is a good working system for inoculation?
a. High school students
b. Babies
c. Household pets and children
d. All three A, B, C

Jawaban : D
Penjelasan : Perhatikan paragraf 2 di mana pengarang menyatakan tidak adanya sistem yang bekerja untuk vaksinasi atau inokulasi bagi orang dewasa, pengarang juga menyebutkan anak-anak dan bahkan hewan peliharaan. Jadi, pilihan jawaban D menjadi jawaban yang paling tepat karena memuat ketiganya.
Kata kunci : as there is for, children

4. The word "preventable" in line 10 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
a. Unstoppable
b. Avoidable
c. Deadly
d. contagious

Jawaban : B
Penjelasan : Bacaan berisi tentang pencegahan terhadap penyakit dengan vaksinasi. Jadi to prevent berarti mencegah datangnya penyakit. Pilihan jawaban yang paling tepat adalah avoidable yang berarti orang dapat mencegahnya. Sedangkan ketiga pilihan jawaban lainnya mempunyai arti yang relatif berlawanan yang berarti penyakit dapat menginfeksi.
Kata kunci : vaccinating

5. According to the passage what can doctors tell us to help us avoid infectious disease?
a. How bacteria enter the body
b. What diseases we may catch
c. Where not to travel to
d. To have a shot against every disease

Jawaban : B
Penjelasan : Jawaban D dapat menjadi jawaban yang benar tetapi tidak disebutkan dalam bacaan. Jawaban berada dalam paragraf 3 dimana pengarang menulis bahwa dokter mengatakan kamu mendapat kekebalan. Hal ini sama saja dengan dokter akan memberitahu kamu penyakit apa yang tidak akan kamu dapatkan karena kamu kebal dan apa yang bisa menjangkiti kamu sehingga kamu perlu tambahan kekebalan.
Kata kunci : if you need a shot

Pertanyaan NOT-type, Inference (Reading)
6. When is it likely that adults will not think about having a vaccination?
a. Just before the flu session
b. After cutting themselves on a sharp piece of metal
c. Just before goin on a trip to Florida
d. Before going to a conference in Africa

Jawaban : C
Penjelasan = Daftar yang ditanyakan terdapat pada paragraf terakhir. Jawaban A disebutkan. Jawaban B juga disebutkan meskipun sepotong logam belum tentu berkarat, tetapi tetap perlu vaksinasi. Mengingat salah satu alasan memakai vaksinasi adalah ketika mendatangi tempat yang eksotis, maka jawaban C dan D bisa menjadi jawaban yang dimaksudkan, yaitu tempat yang tidak eksotis. Bagi orang Amerika, Florida bukanlah tempat yang eksotis karena eksotis berarti asing atau aneh. Bagi orang Amerika, Afrika adalah tempat yang eksotis.
Kata kunci : exotic, a rusty nail

7. The words "their shots" in line 18 refer to
a. Efforts
b. Disease
c. Drinks
d. Inoculation

Jawaban : D
Penjelasan : Dalam paragraf 4 dapat kita baca bahwa dokter menyatakan bahwa anda bisa memperoleh shot jika Anda belum mendapat imunisasi. Dengan kata lain shot merupakan suatu usaha yang bisa diberikan lewat suntikan atau obat yang diminum untuk mendapat vaksinasi atau inokulasi.
Kata kunci : immune, need a shot

8. The word "exotic" in line 19 closest in meaning to :
a. Foreign
b. Distant
c. Dangerous
d. Undeveloped

Jawaban : A
Penjelasan = Lihat pembahasan nomor 6.
Kata kunci : unless there is a special reason

9. Why does the author mention the phrase "a brush with a rusty nail"?
a. To give another reason why people may get a shot
b. To show what can happen on a trip to an exotic place
c. To give an example of when immunization is not being track of
d. To show what can happen when you become an adult

Jawaban : A
Penjelasan = Anda dapat terkena palu berkarat kapanpun dan dimanapun. Kejadian ini merupakan kejadian khusus yang menyebabkan orang memerlukan vaksinasi seperti yang dinyatakan dalam paragraf terakhir.
Kata kunci : unless, special reason

Maksud (Reading)
10. What is the purpose of this passage?
a. Tp persuade doctors to inoculate all people, adults too
b. To convince adults they need vaccination too
c. To remind high school students to get boosters when they are older
d. To get Americans to think about the disease they can catch

Jawaban : B
Penjelasan : Bacaan ini bercerita tentang pentingnya vaksinasi bagi orang dewasa. Sebenarnya vaksinasi hanya diberikan pada anak-anak untuk membuat sistem kekebalan tubuh. Tetapi mengingat adanya orang dewasa yang menderita cacar air yang merupakan penyakit yang seharusnya tidak muncul karena telah ada vaksinasi, maka pengarang ingin menyakinkan bahwa vaksinasi juga perlu bagi orang dewasa.
Kata kunci : adults should, most adults never

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TOEFL - Soal dan Pembahasan Reading Session (2)

Postingan kali ini adalah sambungan dari postingan soal dan pembahasan reading session bagian 1 sebelumnya. Ayo kita simak lebih lanjut...

There are two kinds of evidence which can explain how some of Charles Darwin's opinions were formed and promulgated. The first is an essay on population growth by Thomas Malthus and the other is the theory and practice of selective breeding.

Thomas Malthus wrote that the human population was growing faster than food supply needed to feed it. This started Darwin's thinking about all forms of life. He realized that in nature too many organism are being produced, and that many of their offspring did not survive. He concluded that there must be some kind of struggle between the organism to survive. Only some organism can survive by winning the competition for food, avoiding predators and by finding shelter.

Selective breeding showed Darwin that plants and animals could be created by the selection of parents which have the best possibilities for survival. Breeders and growers selected parents with the most suitable size, color and number of seeds or offspring. This was artificial selection, and it led Darwin to believe that there was a similar force in nature, but a natural selection.

Darwin drew up his theory of evolution by natural selection over a period of many years, and the final outcome was his book entitled "The Origin of The Species", in which he stated that not only was evolution by natural selection but also that organism with variations suitable for the environment survive and eventually an organism population as a whole will become better suited for its environment.

Judul (Reading)

1. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
a) Survival of the Fittest
b) Charles Darwin's Opinios
c) Thomas Malthus' Theory
d) Darwin's Theories : The Evidence

Jawaban : D
Penjelasan : Jawaban untuk pertanyaan mengenai judul hampir selalu terdapat dalam paragraf pertama. Paragraf pertama. Paragraf pertama bacaan di atas menulis adanya dua bukti dan kemudian pengarang menjelaskan dua bukti ini dan hubungannya dengan teori Darwin. Jadi, pilihan D merupakan jawaban yang terbaik.
Kata kunci : two kinds of evidence, his theory of evolution

Arti Kata-kata, Sinonim

2. The word "promulgated" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
a) disseminated
b) concurred with
c) banned
d) opposed

Jawaban : A
Penjelasan : Kata ini dihubungkan dengan kata formed memakai konjungsi and, yang berarti ikut membentuk opini kalimat. Tidak tampak adanya awalan negatif dan tidak ada teks yang mendukung bahwa kata ini punya arti negatif. Darwin menerbitkan buku dan paper didasarkan pada opininya. Jadi, untuk mendukung opininya, Darwin harus menyebarluaskan opininya tersebut mungkin dengan publikasi. Inilah yang menjadi arti kata promulgated (diterbitkan agar tersebar). Pilihan A mempunyai makna yang mirip.
Kata kunci : and, formed

Referensi (Reading), Inference (Reading)

3. The word "it" in line 6 refers to
a) the food supply
b) the human population
c) all forms of life
d) selective breeding

Jawaban : B
Penjelasan : It tidak mengacu pada subjek klausa sebagai objek dan food supply tidak memberi makan food supply. Food supply dapat memberi makan all forms of life, tetapi ini memerlukan bentuk jamak sebagai kata referensi. Subjek utama kalimat yang paling tepat untuk menjadi jawaban adalah human population.
Kata kunci : feed

👉 Fakta (Reading), Kesimpulan

4. Darwin concluded from Malthus' theory that
a) there was not enough food for all the people in the world
b) only those who won the fight for food survived
c) organism survived if they struggle
d) organism survived by becoming predators

Jawaban : B
Penjelasan : Perhatikan paragraf dua, tentang teori Malthus, sampai pengarang menulis tentang kesimpulan Darwin yang tidak memikirkan adanya perjuangan, dia tidak mengatakan bahwa organisme akan hidup jika mereka berjuang. Dia menyatakan hanya beberapa organisme bertahan dengan cara memenangkan kompetisi perebutan makanan dan dengan bertahan dari serangan predator.
Kata kunci : his conclusion, by winning

👉 Arti kata-kata, Inference (Reading), Akar kata

5. The word "predators" in line 11 is closets in meaning to which of the following?
a) disease
b) humans
c) hunters
d) floods

Jawaban : C
Penjelasan : Kata predator mempunyai arti orang atau hewan yang berbahaya bagi kehidupan suatu organisme. Jadi, kata hunter yang berarti pemburu merupakan jawaban yang paling tepat.
Kata kunci : avoiding, survive

👉 Inference (Reading), Sinonim
6. Selective breeding means that
a) Organism with the most desirable characteristics were chosen for breeding
b) Parents were selected selected for breeding according to the organism
c) Organism with less desirable features were bred with those with better ones
d) New species of animals and plants were created

Jawaban : A
Penjelasan : Karena pilihan jawaban tersedia dalam bentuk kalimat lengkap, maka kamu harus melihat teks bacaan terlebih dahulu. Pada paragraf tiga dapat kita temukan bahwa tumbuhan dan hewan yang diciptakan dari induk pilihan mempunyai kemungkinan hidup terbesar. Pengarang melanjutkan dengan menulis bahwa organisme dengan bentuk yang kurang diinginkan tidak terpilih. Dari sini dapat kita duga bahwa hanya yang mempunyai bentuk atau karakteristik yang lebih diinginkan yang terpilih.
Kata kunci : selection of parents, less desirable features

7. The word "growers" in line 15 refers to
a) food
b) animals
c) organism
d) plants

Jawaban : D
Penjelasan : Kata ini dikombinasikan dengan kata breeders yang mengacu pada hewan. Kalimat dimulai dengan menyatakan tanaman dan hewan yang diinginkan, maka dapat kita simpulkan bahwa dua hal ini berhubungan. Jadi, growers mengacu pada tumbuhan.
Kata kunci : breeders and, desirable plants and animals

8. Artificial selection is used by
a) parents
b) nature
c) people who raise animals
d) most plants

Jawaban : C
Penjelasan : Pengarang menyatakan pada akhir paragraf 3 bahwa this was artificial selection, this mengacu pada kalimat sebelumnya, yaitu bahwa breeder and growers select suitable parents. Ini merupakan artificial selection dan digunakan breeders dan growers. Breeder adalah seseorang yang membiakkan hewan yang seringkali menggunakan artificial selection.
Kata kunci : this, breeders

👉 Fakta (Reading), Kesimpulan

9. Darwin's final conclusion as stated in his book was
a) that he whole population will eventually survive
b) that whole groups of plants and animals will adapt better to their environment
c) that the environment will eventually change to suit organism better
d) evolution was not only by natural selection but also by artificial selection

Jawaban : B
Penjelasan : Buku Darwin disebutkan dalam paragraf terakhir. Dia menyebutkan evolusi terjadi karena seleksi alam, tidak menyebutkan seleksi buatan. Dia juga menulis bahwa keseluruhan populasi organisme akan menjadi lebih baik jika berada di lingkungan yang cocok. Jadi, B merupakan jawaban yang tepat. Sebagai kata kunci untuk soal ini adalah keseluruhan populasi organisme bukan keseluruhan populasi.
Kat kunci : an organism population, as a whole

👉 Sikap Pengarang, Inference (Reading)

10. The author's attitude in this passage appears to be
a) critical
b) obsequious
c) doubting
d) matter of fact

Jawaban : D
Penjelasan : Mungkin kamu tidak setuju dengan teori Darwin tetapi hal ini jangan mempengaruhi jawaban kamu sebab yang ditanyakan bukan sikap kamu tetapi sikap pengarang yang menulis bacaan. Jawaban A, B, dan C salah karena tidak terdapat dalam teks bacaan. Matter-of-fact berarti didasarkan pada fakta, tanpa emosi atau opini, dan inilah yang menjadi sikap pengarang. Pengarang hanya menyatakan bahwa bagaimana Darwin menyusun teorinya, yaitu bagaimana dua bukti bisa membawanya menyusun teori.
Kata kunci : his conclution, Darwin drew up

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TOEFL - Soal dan Pembahasan Reading Session (1)

Pembahasan artikel kita kali ini adalah tentang contoh soal TOEFL dalam sesi Reading. Dalam contoh soal berikut, tidak hanya di bahas soalnya saja tetapi juga disertai pembahasan tentang jawaban dari soal tersebut.

Mari kita mulai dari membahas bacaan pertama...

BACAAN 1

Many forces, hospital managers, medical practitioners, parents too, continue to increase pressure to do more outpatients surgery for children.

The emphasis on faster operating room turnaround time, more effective use of space and personnel and the presumed resulting cost reduction are commonly soght goals. These goals are important for all patients, but especially for the pediatric patient, who is much younger who is free from systemic disease and requires simpler, shorter surgical procedures, and a shorter convalescense.

Despite many advantages pediatric outpatient surgery can have problems. Since children are usually healthy and usually recover from surgery, some doctors may assume that all such patients are outpatient candidates. There may be delays and inappropriate scheduling caused by rush, by inappropriate consulting and previously undiagnosed disease.

However, nearly all problems can be solved by proper patient selection. Many more patients that at present can undergo outpatient anesthesia, reduce the separation time of the child from the family. The advantages listed above will be enhanced when combined with appropriate postoperative discharge criteria and out-of-hospital care. Everyone will benefit : the child, the family, the physician, the hospital staff and even the third party payer.

Maksud (Reading)

1. What is the main purpose of the passage?
a) To force hospital managers to increase outpatient surgery for children.
b) To emphasize faster operating room turnaround time
c) To inform parents about outpatient surgery
d) To put forward reasons in favor of pediatric outpatient surgery

Jawaban : D
Penjelasan : Bacaan ini membicarakan tentang keperluan untuk more outpatients surgery for children, maka diberikan berbagai alasan yang mendukung.
Kata kunci : to do more outpatient surgery for children.

Arti Kata-kata

2. The word 'force' in line 1 is closed in meaning to which of the following?
a) groups
b) soldiers
c) representatives
d) the police

Jawaban : A
Penjelasan : Di sini konteks memberikan petunjuk yang jelas akan arti kata forces, yaitu tentang forces yang melanjutkan menaikkan tekanan yang berarti daya tekan, seperti grup penekan, untuk memperbanyak operasi pembedahan terhadap pasien anak. Sebenarnya tentara, anggota DPR dan polisi juga dapat menjadi penekan, tetapi forces disini berarti manajer rumah sakit, praktisi medis, dan orang tua.
Kata kunci : pressure

3. The word 'commonly sought' in line 6 are closest in meaning to
a) most usually found
b) simply existing
c) generally aimed at
d) frequently achieved

Jawaban : C
Penjelasan : Ini tentang tujuan, tujuan yang commonly sought. Kata kerja yang biasa digunakan dengan kata goal adalah seek, sedang yang tidak umum digunakan aim at, which is more common, dan we see aim at. Karena commonly dan generally merupakan sinonim, maka jawaban yang benar adalah generally aimed at.
Kata kunci : goals

Pertanyaan NOT-type

4. Which of the following is NOT one of the aims mentioned in the passage?
a) more personnels
b) quicker use of operating rooms
c) better use of available space
d) saving costs

Jawaban : A
Penjelasan : Bacaan menyatakan bahwa akan ada more efficient use of ruang dan personel, dan tidak menyatakan adanya personel yang lebih banyak.
Kata kunci : more efficient use of

Inference (Reading)

5. What does the author imply by saying that some doctors assume that all children can be outpatients?
a) They may forget about other patients
b) They may make a mistake
c) They may think all patients are not healthy
d) They may be in a rush

Jawaban : B
Penjelasan : Kalimat tersebut mengacu kembali ke kalimat sebelumnya yang menyatakan anak-anak biasanya sehat dan sembuh dari pembedahan, dan dokter menganggap bahwa mungkin terjadi kesalahan, seperti jadwal dan konsultasi yang tidak perlu atau penyakit yang tidak terdiagnosa.
Kata kunci : usually

6. The word 'convalescence' in line 9 is closest in meaning to
a) treatment
b) hospitalization
c) payment method
d) recovery

Jawaban : D
Penjelasan : Pengarang menulis tentang prosedur medis yang lebih pendek, yaitu operasi singkat dan shorter convalescence dan kemudian mengatakan bahwa convalescence terjadi setelah prosedur pembedahan. Apa yang biasanya terjadi setelah pembedahan? Bukan treatment atau hospitalization karena pembedahan itu sendiri merupakan bagian dari perawatan. Payment period bisa menjadi jawaban, tetapi kita tahu sebagian besar warga Amerika mempunyai asuransi kesehatan. Jadi, masa pembayaran hampir tidak terjadi karena asuransi yang mereka punyai. Sehingga satu-satunya jawaban yang paling mungkin adalah penyembuhan, recovery. Jadi, arti kata convalescence adalah menjadi bertambau kuat setelah sakit.
Kata kunci : and

Arti kata-kata, Maksud (Reading)

7. What is the author's purpose in using the word 'however' in line 16?
a) to give reasons for something
b) to join two paragraphs
c) to explain a result
d) to campare similar ideas

Jawaban : B
Penjelasan : However merupakan kata keterangan contrast, tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai penghubung yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua kalimat atau paragraf yang memiliki gagasan yang saling bertentangan. Di sini kata however menghubungkan paragraf 3 tentang permasalahan dan gagasan yang berbeda pada paragraf 4 di mana pengarang mendeskripsikan bagaimana menangani permasalahan tersebut. Jadi, B menjadi jawaban yang tepat.
Kata kunci : problems, solved

8. The author means by the term "the third party payer" in the last line
a) banks
b) hospitals
c) relatives
d) insurance companies

Jawaban : D
Penjelasan : Istilah third party mengacu pada orang atau organisasi yang terlibat, tetapi bukan terlibat secara prinsip, artinya bukan pasien ataupun rumah sakit. Pihak tersebut bisa sanak famili sampai bank, jika pasien meminjam uang dari bank. Meskipun begitu pasien masih tetap membayar. Dalam kasus perusahaan asuransi situasinya berbeda karena yang menjadi pembayar adalah perusahaan asuransi. Jadi, merupakan pihak ketiga yang sesungguhnya, dan ini menjadi pilihan jawaban yang terbaik.
Kata kunci : third party

👉 Audience (Reading), Inference (Reading)

9. The audience for this passage could most likely be?
a) hospital managers
b) the parents of pediatric patients
c) physicians
d) the department of health

Jawaban : D
Penjelasan : Karena bacaan menyebutkan manajer rumah sakit, praktisi medis dan orang tua melanjutkan meningkatkan tekanan, berarti bacaan tidak ditujukan pada mereka. Karena perubahan penting terlihat setelahnya, maka tampaknya pengarang mencoba membawa masalah tersebut untuk mendapat perhatian dari departemen kesehatan.
Kata kunci : many forces, continue to increase pressure

👉 Sikap Pengarang

10. What is the author's attitude towards more outpatient surgery for children?
a) he is against
b) he thinks it unlikely to happen
c) he is in favor
d) he thinks there are too many problems

Jawaban : C
Penjelasan : Sikap pengarang terdapat dalam paragraf terakhir di mana pengarang menulis tentang keuntungannya untuk setiap orang, menunjukkan sikap yang menyenangkan.
Kata kunci : everyone will benefit

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English Conversation - Mengungkapkan Pekerjaan Seharusnya Sudah Selesai, tetapi Terus Dikerjakan

Untuk menyatakan kalimat yang mengungkapkan jam kerja suatu pekerjaan yang sudah selesai, tetapi masih dilakukan, digunakan rumus seperti berikut.

It + to be + Time + People + Verb 2

It is time you told him otherwise...

Digunakan bentuk past setelah pronoun , arti bentuk sekarang.

Contoh :
Why do you keep silent, I see him snap you many times. It is times you acted / did something, so he can be little afraid of you.
(Kenapa kamu diam saja, saya melihat dia membentak kamu. Sudah saatnya kamu bertindak, jadi dia bisa sedikit takut dengan kamu.

Sebagai bahan latihan, kamu bisa membuat kalimat berbentuk It + to be + time + people + verb 2

1. Many times he calls you, It is time you (pick) up the phone.
..........

2. That man keeps chasing her, it is time she (tell) him frankly that she's got a fiancee already.
.........

3. They have been making date for quite along time, I think it is time they (get) married.
..........

4. That house looks spooky, it is time your father (renovate) and (paint) in the glow color.
..........

5. She's got married and still chasing you. It is time you (explain) to her and (keep) away from her.
..........

6. Your mother is sick seriously in the hospital. It is time you (visit) her, otherwise something bad happens to her.
..........

7. Her car is always blogged down, it is time she (sell) and (buy) a new one.
..........

Ayoo..coba dijawab salah satu aja pada kotak komentar di bawah..

Jangan lupa tantang teman kamu untuk menjawab ini via Facebook..

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English Conversation - Mengungkapkan Sesuatu yang Seharusnya Dahulu Dikerjakan, tetapi Tidak Dilakukan

Dalam Bahasa Inggris, ada aturan dalam mengatakan sesuatu yang seharusnya dahulu dikerjakan, tetapi tidak dilakukan sehingga terjadi penyesalan.

Rumus :
     Should + have + verb 3 (kata kerja ketiga)

Perhatikan percakapan pendek di bawah ini :

A : Your English is not so good anymore, last time your English was much better than mine. How come?
(Bahasa Inggris kamu jelek sekali, dulu Bahasa Inggrismu lebih baik daripada Bahasa Inggris saya. Kok begitu?)

B : You're right, actually I should have studied harder and should have practiced much.
(Kamu benar, sebenarnya dahulu saya harus belajar lebih keras dan harus banyak latihan)

Sebagai soal latihan, isilah bagian kosong kalimat di bawah dengan bentuk should + have + verb 3

1. A : I tell you what, that product is very good quality and the price is very cheap as well, so a lot of people scramble to buy.
    B : As a matter of fact, you should ...... (buy) it, unfortunately you didn't.

2. A : When the problem is getting worse, you come to me, asking for help it out.
    B : Why shoudn't you ...... (tell) me perhaps you wouldn't have it as worse as you have now.

3. A : Just now, I met your lover, she told me she got mad with you. You kept saying much about her former boyfriend, she hated it.
    B : I suggest you shouldn't ...... (talk) much about that again.

4. A : I got robbed and lost so much especially my wedding ring.
    B : I've told you many times not to wear them but just ignored me.
Why shouldn't you ...... (bring) and .....  (wear) everything on your body.

5. A : I shouldn't ...... (drop by) at your office as I found that you are very busy.
    B : Well, never mind.

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English Conversation - Penggunaan Verb + ing

Dalam percakapan Bahasa Inggris, kata kerja + ing sering digunakan di awal pembicaraan yang mempunyai arti tertentu.

Dalam Bahasa Indonesia, jika (V + ing) diletakkan di depan kalimat, mempunyai arti : jika/kalau, dengan, disebabkan, waktu/ketika.

 

A. Waktu
Contoh :
• Seeing you the first time, I thought you were Singaporean, after talking a few minutes, I found that you are Philipino.
  (Waktu pertama kali melihat kamu, saya pikir kamu orang Singapura, setelah berbicara beberapa menit, ternyata kamu adalah orang Filipina).

B. Jika / Kalau
Contoh :
• Talking about food, I prefer to eat Chinese food, especially curl noddle.
   (Jika bicara tentang makanan, saya lebih suka makanan Cina, terutama mi).

C. Disebabkan / Karena
Contoh :
• Knowing her come / coming to the wedding party, I decided not to attend.
   (Karena mengetahui dia datang ke pesta perkawinan, saya memutuskan tidak hadir / tidak jadi pergi).

D. Dengan
Contoh :
• Hearing the news you're gonna get married, she got shocked and very disappointed.
  (Dengan mendengar kabar kamu akan menikah, dia menjadi terkejut dan sangat kecewa).

• Attending the seminar last week, I got conclusion that those products are just for the affluent.
  (Dengan menghadiri seminar minggu lalu, saya mendapat kesimpulan bahwa barang-barang itu hanya untuk orang-orang mampu).

• Watching your presentation, I feel rather confident to try that.
  (Dengan melihat langsung presentasi kamu, saya merasa yakin untuk mencobanya).

Tidak perlu menambahkan kata-kata if, because, by. Karena dalam bentuk V + ing sudah termasuk arti if, by, dan because.

Contoh kalimat lainnya :

1. Talking to you is very happy.
    Bicara dengan kamu sangat menyenangkan.

2. Eating here is very nice.
    Makan disini enak sekali.

3. Sitting beside her is very restfull.
    Duduk di samping dia sangat nyaman.

4. Living nearby the sea is very hot at night.
    Tinggal di pinggir laut pada malam hari sangat panas.

5. Going around with you is very safe.
   Jalan-jalan sama kamu sangat aman.

6. Driving this car is very comfortable.
    Nyetir mobil ini enak sekali.

7. Getting married with different tribe takes time to adapt.
    Menikah dengan suku yang berbeda, membutuhkan waktu untuk menyesuaikan diri.

Bentuk kata kerja + ing juga sering digunakan untuk penegasan kalimat dalam arti yang sangat sensitif , mengungkapkan perasaan yang tidak puas, kritik, penegasan maksud, pengaduan, yang spesifik, dan lain-lain.

Contoh :

1. That man is nothing to do, everyday coming here and asking for some money.
   (Laki-laki iti tidak ada kerjaan, datang kesini setiap hari hanya minta duit).

2. I'm not interested in talking to him, every time he speaks, always talking about himself.
   (Saya tidak tertarik berbicara dengannya, setiap saat dia selalu berbicara tentang dirinya sendiri).

3. I got news from my friend Kelly, saying that Robert staying in USA and working for oil company.
   (Saya mendapat kabar dari teman saya Kelly, mengatakan bahwa Robert tinggal di USA dan bekerja di perusahaan minyak).

4. Don't keep in touch with him again, he's been a crook now. Making friend with him, you're gonna be involved in crime.
   (Jangan berhubungan lagi dengannya, dia sudah menjadi bandit. Berteman dengannya kamu akan terlibat kriminal/ikut jahat).

5. Be careful with the boss, when the selling going down, he is always grumbling.
   (Hati-hati dengan bos, jika penjualan turun dia selalu ngomel-ngomel).

6. Your documents are under proessing, will be completed in a few weeks.
   (Berkas-berkas kamu sedang dalam proses, akan selesai dalam beberapa minggu ini).

7. You have to come over her and telling her not playing around. That is a serious problem.
   (Kamu harus menghadapi dia dan katakan padanya tidak mau main-main. Itu masalahnya serius.)

8. Everytime people change their mind, so paying attention to whatever he/she is saying makes us be alert.
   (Setiap saat orang berubah pikiran, jadi perhatikanlah apa saja yang dia katakan, wapadalah.)

9. A : Why don't you visit her again?
         (Kenapa kamu tidak mengunjunginya lagi?)
   B : Well, I don't like, and I quit, everytime coming there, she is always nagging and getting me mad.
        (Saya tidak suka dan kapok. Setiap saat datang kesana ia selalu merengek-rengek dan bikin saya kesal.)

10. The salesmen in that store are very bad service eventhough the products are better quality, everytime customers buying, always complaining about their attitude.
   (Penjual di toko itu layanannya tidak ramah walaupun kualitas barang-barang bagus, setiap saat pelanggan membeli, selalu mengeluh tentang sikapnya.)

11. The neighbor never cares about surrounding, day and night singing loudly and making a noise, just like making party all the time.
   (Tetangga itu tidak peduli terhadap sekeliling, siang dan malam bernyanyi keras-keras dan bikin ribut, sepertinya berpesta saja setiap saat.)

12. It is not safe for women going to the party alone and getting home late.
   (Tidak aman bagi wanita pergi sendiri ke pesta dan pulang malam.)

13. The time changes now, a woman getting more active than man, or a woman visiting a man.
   (Waktu sudah berubah sekarang, wanita lebih aktif daripada pria, atau wanita berkunjung ke tempat pria.)

Sebagai bahan latihan, cobalah soal-soal berikut ini dengan mengisi bentuk V + ing.

1. You must practice your English with American expatriates to improve your pronunciation.
(Practice) ...... to improve your pronunciation.

2. You must be a selfmade to live in the United States.
(Live) ...... must be a selfmade.

3. He must have a target if he achieves his selling power.
(Achieve) ...... must have a target.

4. When you talk to Mr. Andre Charbel, the explanation must be clear and simple.
(Talk) ...... the explanation must be clear and simple.

5. We can enrich our vocabularies when we read English newspaper a lot.
(Read) ...... can enrich our vocabularies.

6. You are a tough guy, so you can collect the debt.
(Be) ...... can collect the debt.

7. If she makes her customers fully satisfied, they will inform the others coming to her shop.
(Make) ...... will inform the others coming to her shop.

8. She must be very patient to take care of the kid.
(Take care of) ...... must be very patient.

9. If we control our blood pressure at least once month, it can avoid the stroke.
(Control) ...... can avoid the stroke.

10. It's dangerous to travel alone for woman at night.
(Travel) .....  is very dangerous.
That's why she needs a company.

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English Conversation - Penggunaan While + V + ing

Dalam Bahasa Inggris, while memiliki arti sangat dekat dengan ketika. Namun, dalam percakapan tanpa menggunakan to be, while mempunyai arti sambil/sembari dengan susunan kata kerja + ing.

   While + Verb + Ing = Sambil / sembari

Contoh :

• If you go out, can you get me some milk?
  (Jika kamu keluar, bisakah membelikan saya susu?)
  - While going out, can you get me some milk?
    (Sambil keluar nanti, bisakah membelikan saya susu?)

• I think we can have a chat while we are driving.
  (Saya rasa kita bisa bercakap-cakap ketika kita sedang menyetir)
  - I think we can have a chat while driving.
   (Saya rasa kita bisa bercakap-cakap sambil nyetir)

Sebagai bahan latihan, cobalah mengganti kalimat di bawah ini dengan bentuk while + verb + ing

1. I don't think we can discuss the idea and the problem in detail, as it's very crowded here.
   - Why don't we have something to drink while we are sitting at the lobby and discuss the problem.
   - Why don't we have something to drink while ......

2. Can you drop (by) at Peny's house when you are passing by?
   - Can you drop (by) at Peny's house while ......

3. When you talk to him, kindly ask him about my leave, whether it's approved or not.
   - Kindly ask him about my leave while ......

4. Why don't you slice the mango when you're boiling the water.
   - Why don't you slice the mango while ......

5. The old man can brush his teeth when he is whistling.
   - The old man can brush his teeth while .....

6. That man is very happy, he can sing when he is selling some bread.
   - That man is very happy, he can sing while ......

7. I'm confused about the couple. They can answer each other when both are speaking.
   - I'm confused about those people, they can answer each other while ......

8. I don't want to waste my time I'd better read the book when I'm waiting for anybody.
   - I don't want to waste my time I'd better read the book while ......

9. That woman can shoulder her child when she is carrying her bag.
   - That woman can shoulder her child while .....

10. You can look after the kid when you are watching TV.
   - You can look after the kid while ......

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English Conversation - Penggunaan Kata Work

Dalam percakapan, work bisa mempunyai beberapa arti, yang akan dijelaskan di pembahasan artikel kali ini.

A. Berhasil
Contoh :
I tell you what, I've tried to stop smoking, but it doesn't work. Perhaps you've got some tips for me.
(Begini ya, saya sudah mencoba untuk berhenti merokok, tetapi tidak berhasil. Mungkin kamu punya kiat-kiat buat saya.)

B. Bisa
Contoh :
If you do such that way only, certainly, it's not gonna work, you'd better try another way.
(Kalau kamu lakukan dengan cara begitu saja, yakin sekali tidak akan bisa, kamu lebih baik mencoba cara lain.)

C. Jalan
Contoh :
I've been repairing this car for two hours, now, it's working. Well, I'm really exhausted.
(Saya sudah memperbaiki mobil dua jam, sekarang sudah jalan. Saya betul-betul capek.)

D. Mati
Contoh :
The telephone doesn't work. It's been out of order for two weeks, the damaged circuit from the central booth.
(Telepon mati. Sudah rusak selama dua minggu, aliran yang rusak itu dari sentral.)

Sebagai bahan untuk latihan, kamu bisa membuat kalimat di bawah ini berdasarkan ide kamu sendiri dengan menggunakan kata work.

1. Her father is a very conservative person, much critized, and selfish. How do you persuade him in order that he can permit his daughter to come along with you. (The father really likes)

2. The pipe of taping water in that house is leaking. The owner has had it fixed, but still leaking. (Call the plumber)

3. The couple have been separated for more than six months. The family has tried to persuade them to reconciliate, but they don't agree as each still keeps their own strong conviction. (Find somebody they respect or married counselor)

4. A policeman is working to arrange the traffic jam in the rush hour. Such along traffic light street gets a long congestion. How to make the traffic smooth. (Find the other police for a help)

5. The car has been stuck for two days, we can't troubleshoot because we're not the mechanic. (Find the mechanic or drag to the workshop)

6. The customer is not satisfied to the shopkeeper's explanation as he bought the damaged product. (Complain to the in charge person)

7. The patient has been checked and examined, but can't be found the symptom he has, he often feels discomfort. (Suggest visiting the specialist)

8. A friend of yours asked me to find the way to quit smoking as he is a heavy smoker. (No other way it depends on his own conviction)

9. He's been coughing for one week and he has taken some medicines. (The doctor asks him to take the antibiotic)

10. A young man was standing on the top of high building to commit suicide. (ask the police to persuade him not to do that)

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